The knowledge of these attack plans is supposed to be taken to the classroom so that they become a new resource to make teaching work. Each of the 12 chapters begins with a series of questions to be addressed and ends with further questions. Introduction silent way originated in the early 1970s and was the brainchild of the late caleb gattegno. Examples of learnercentred methods are discussion method, discovery or inquirybased approach and the hills model of learning through discussion ltd. You can only help him to discover it within himself galileo. This method is based on the notion that learning a foreign language is in many respects radically different from learning the mother tongue. Each chapter begins as an observation class using different teaching method, including clt, alm, direct method, the silent way and desuggestopedia and others. Gattegno introduced the method in 1963, in his book teaching foreign languages in schools. The silent way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by caleb gattegno. The revised second edition of a 1976 book explores the literature of research on memory, creation of meaning in language learning, and second language teaching methodology, incorporating results of recent work in those areas. It can be learned in the schools by artificial methods and with materials designed for the purpose. The silent way chapter 6 approaches and methods in. Created using powtoon free sign up at create animated videos and animated presentations for free. In seeking to improve teaching practices, teachers and researchers would typically try to find out which method was the most effective.
The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be. Techniques and principles in language teaching book, 2011. Language is not learned by repeating after a model. Communicative language teaching however, other methodologies exist. The silent way is a languageteaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method. Teacheralt demonstrates, explains, illustrates, preteaches the necessary new vocabulary, grammar etc. The method is based on student discovery with the instructor staying mainly silent. It is the students who should be practicing the language, not the. Pdf in the third millennium of quickly globalized world, teaching english as a foreign language efl in indonesia has become a.
The teacher also learns new things every day which heshe didnt know in the process of teaching. To learn more about that methodology, take a look at the article below. The teacher becomes a resource rather than an authority. Similar to programme, it contains what is to be taught with a clear reference to selection and grading of content. Teaching aptitude kvs nvs ugc net teaching methodology. The 1959 book was meant for lay readers and for professionals in the fields of anthropology and linguistics. This is a textbook on english language teaching methodology which was a taskbased, communicative approach to deal with concepts and theories. The silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique. The confusion arises ifwhen we assume that a language learned in a conventional way cannot be turned into conversation. The silent way belongs to the tradition of teaching that favors hypothetical mode of teaching as opposed to expository mode of teaching in which the teacher and the learner work cooperatively to reach the educational desired goals.
Traditional methodology 4 traditional methodology does not present the language as a means of communication. The silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method. Like most cultural events of the 60s and 70s, it was a. The silent way is based on the theory that individuals should be at the center of their own learning, and that the teacher should largely be silent and subtly provide. Pdf approaches and methods in language teaching download. This book provides a practical overview of the most important methods in the field. It was based upon ideas outlined in his book teaching foreign languages in schools the silent way, published in 1963. The silent way approach relationship chart, teaching.
Gattegno was critical of mainstream language education at the time, and he based the method on his general theories of education rather than on existing language. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. The method is based on the premise that teacher should be silent as much. Pdf teaching english language methods and approaches. The silent way introduction the silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno it is one of the innovative methods that emerged and shares some principles from the cognitive approach to language studies proposed by noam chomsky. Learning strategies are those procedures used by the learner in order to cope with the problems faced. The silent way tell me and i forget, teach me and i remember,involve. Advantages and disadvantages of silent way term paper. In relation to the audiolingual method, richards and rodgers 2001 claimed that students were often found to be unable to transfer skills acquired through audiolingualism to real communication outside the classroom p.
It was first introduced in gattegnos book teaching foreign languages in. The silent way tell me and i forget, teach me and i remember,involve me and i learn. Gattegno introduced the method in 1963, in his book teaching foreign. Readers are drawn into classrooms where various teaching methods and approaches are being used. Teaching falls into three phases, each requiring appropriate methods. The silent way methods in teaching and learning language. Here is a list of some common methodologies throughout the history of english teaching and second language teaching. This revision of a previous edition discusses an approach to language teaching called the silent way. Caleb gattegno it derives its name from the fact that the teacher conducting a silent way class is silent for most of the time the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible the silent way advocates that we start from what the student knows. In the 1960s, caleb gattegno introduced the silent way method of language learning. Because silent way teachers speak so little, they are free to observe their students carefully and be available to them. This was a joint project by diane larsenfreeman and the u. It was first introduced in gattegnos book teaching foreign languages in schools.
The lesson is essentially divided into 3 clear stages. Grammar translation method was the most popular and widely used method for language teaching between the ages of 1840 to 1940. The silent way approach to language learning denver. Teaching pronunciation using the silent way approach caleb gattegno, creator of the silent way approach, believed that every language has a spirit, and it is a language teachers responsibility to be true to the spirit of a language. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom but the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible. The last line of benjamin franklins famous quote about teaching and learning can be said to lie at the heart of silent way. Teaching pronunciation as a core skill using the silent. Teachers must know their teaching objectives clearly and make use of the teaching aids effectively.
Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch united states department of state washington, d. The learner is not a bench bound listener but an active contributor to the learning process. The silent way belongs to the tradition of teaching that favors hypothetical mode of. Another possibility is a transformation drill, where the instructor says, i read a book, which the students change into, i dont read a book. Leading learners in olelo hawaii using the silent way methodology abstract. Learning is made easier by the use of physical objects such as.
The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. The three basic tenets of the approach are that learning is facilitated if the learner discovers rather than remembers or repeats, that learning is aided by physical objects, and that problemsolving is central to learning. This method was used for teaching and learning latin and it places a lot of emphasis on learning vocabulary and grammar. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much. An article discussing the silent way approach to language learning. The silent way developed in the 1960s by caleb gattegno. Halls, silent language, reveals how ones culture produces unconscious behaviors that allow others to read messages that are being sent unknowingly. Approaches and principles in english as a foreign language. The silent way one of the most wellknown applications of humanism in elt, the silent way was proposed by gattegno 1972. The silent way is a languageteaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique. Approaches and methods in language teaching grammar translation method.
Language teaching methods explores various methodologies of english language teaching. In the late 1800s and most of the 1900s, language teaching was usually conceived in terms of method. This unconventional method was developed alongside afro hairstyles and platform shoes back in the 1970s by mathematician yes, we said mathematician caleb gattegno. Immersion full immersion is difficult to achieve in a foreign language classroom, unless you are teaching that foreign language in the country where the language is spoken, and your students. Teaching by principles is a widely acclaimed methodology test used in language teacher education programs around the world. Gattegno takes an openly sceptical view of the role of linguistic theory in language teaching methodology. Distinctive features of the language cannot be eliminated to accommodate alternative ways of. The silent way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by. Teaching techniques the natural approach in the classroom the natural approach is designed to develop basic communication skills. How is this applicable to the principles of silent way. Grammar quiz grammar practice grammar book grammar lessons tenses grammar teaching english grammar english teaching materials english grammar worksheets english vocabulary. Pdf the role of silent way method to english teaching in a.
The silent way student is expected to become independent, autonomous and responsible gattegno 1976 in other words, a good problem solver in language. Learning is facilitated if the learner discovers or creates. Political activists, university faculty, and kumu hula have become more and more engaged in teaching olelo hawaii hawaiian language in efforts to revitalize. It is not usually considered a mainstream method in language education.
Gattegnos name is well known for his revival of interest in the use of coloured wooden sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his series words in colour, an approach to the teaching of initial reading in which sounds are coded by specific colours. The focus of this book is on classroom practice, openended enough to allow for interaction and discussions. The silent way chapter 6 approaches and methods in language. Heekyeong lee offer a comprehensive survey of practical language teaching options firmly anchored in current research on second language acquisition and pedagogy.
This book introduces teachers to the internet and provides a collection of activities for classroom use. And it has discussed how to implement these methods into your class because the descriptions are quite detailed. Information on arc teaching methodology and jim scrivener. It is a nice video that summarises the silent way method. When i learned this method in the textbook, i thought the class will be very cold. Students may be confused with the symbols of the colored wooden rods. Language teaching methodology, or teaching in this sense, is a set of methods based on the same. Teaching methodology different types of teaching methods. However, method is an ambiguous concept in language teaching, and has been used in many different ways. Methodologies for active learning in the classroom learning logsreflective journals learning journals, logs and reflective diaries are terms often used interchangeably.
171 1352 998 1054 1404 751 255 1117 1347 1428 746 243 804 1137 424 880 99 728 1473 796 776 536 1108 546 1035 185 1485 699 33 472 1049 406 674 141 362 107